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Karate is a martial art developed in the Ryukyu Kingdom. It developed from the indigenous Ryukyuan martial arts under the influence of Kung Fu, particularly Fujian White Crane. Karate is now predominantly a striking art using punching, kicking, knee strikes, elbow strikes and open-hand techniques such as knife-hands, spear-hands and palm-heel strikes. Historically, and in some modern styles, grappling, throws, joint locks, restraints and vital-point strikes are also taught. A karate practitioner is called a karateka.
The founder of modern karate is considered Gichin Funakoshi (1868-1957), the founder of the Shotokan style. After 1922, when he arrived in Japan from Okinawa, Funakoshi made karate known through several demonstrations and lectures. To increase the popularity of his fighting style (Okinawa-te), he called it in Japanese "karate" (kara-te).
There are many styles ("ryu" = school in Japanese) of karate, different in the fighting techniques and strategic principles they use. For example, Shotokan uses long, moving attacks, focusing on speed, mobility, suppleness, while in Goju-ryu short attacks and blockages are used, without movement, the emphasis being on strength and suppleness. Another important style of karate is Wado Ryu. It was created by Hironori Ōtsuka Sensei by combining Okinawan karate with Shinto Yoshin Ryu Jiu Juitsu, an ancient Japanese martial art. Thus this style of karate Wado Ryu inherits the principle of Harmony from Jiu Juitsu unlike other styles of karate that use rather force hardness.
All styles use two basic exercises: kata (set of preset techniques mimicking the fight with imaginary opponents) and kumite (fight with real opponent). In karate, kata and kumite competitions are organized.
